Page 85 - 《客語及少數族群語言政策》附錄_少數語言法律

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outcomes (Billari 2001; Ben-Shlomo and Kuh 2002; Mayer 2009), the underlying concepts are
in many ways relevant to language planning policy. The following elements of the life-course
approach are particularly relevant:
• the influence of historical and geographical contexts on people’s
experiences and opportunities
• identifying key ‘transition phases’

• acknowledging variations in the way in which different individuals
respond to circumstances
• interrelationship between individuals and their families and their
networks of relations
• how the past shapes the future, i.e. long-term perspective, and the
cumulative effect of experiences
• individuals as active players who can make decisions and choices,
and set objectives for their own actions.

Another feature of the life-course approach which merits attention is that relating to the
element of risk – either through ‘critical points’ where specific risks could lead to ongoing
negative changes, or as individuals encounter risks over time, with the cumulative effect of
these outcomes leading to negative situations or outcomes.

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