摘要

通婚常導致弱勢語言流失。客家族群與外族通婚的比例高，其中尤以福佬跟客家通婚的最多。家庭是母語保存的最後堡壘，客語在福佬客家通婚的家庭保存與流失的因素值得探討。本研究從家庭語言政策（family language policy）的理論出發，藉由分析福客通婚家庭的語言實踐、語言意識形態及語言管理，探討家庭語言政策與客語保存的關係。本研究採多重個案分析法，挑選台東12個福客通婚家庭，進行家庭語言政策的個案研究。研究發現福客通婚的家庭，母語都有流失，轉向華語的現象。本文從家庭語言政策的觀點探討客語保存與流失的相關因素。客語流失的原因為家庭缺乏客語實踐，又缺乏足夠的語言意識形態支撐，因此，也少有家庭客語的管理規劃。客語流失並非不可逆轉，本研究從家庭語言政策理論，歸納促進語言保存的相關因素，可以做為後續客語復振的參考。

Intermarriage often leads to the loss of minority language. Among numerous cases of intermarriages between Hakka and non-Hakka people, the majority of cases are the intermarriages between Hakka and Holo. As family is the last fortress of language maintenance, it is important to investigate factors relating to the maintenance and loss of Hakka language in Hakka and Holo mixed families. From the perspective of family language policy, this paper seeks to investigate the relationship between family language policies and Hakka language maintenance in Hakka and Holo intermarriage families.

The multiple case study method is employed in this study, investigating twelve families of intermarriage between Hakka and Holo people in Taitung. Data are collected through observations and in-depth interviews and analyzed in terms of language practice, language ideology and language management. The results of this study show that both Hakka and Holo are declining, and are shifting toward Mandarin in mixed families. Hakka language shift in mixed family can be attributed to the lack of Hakka language practice, coupled with insufficient language management and language ideology support. The decline of Hakka is not utterly irreversible. Implications of Hakka family language policy are discussed and suggestions provided for the revival of Hakka language in the future.

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