摘要

客語張字探討，旨在說明其產生時空背景，現代華語「裝東 西」的「裝」，客語宜作「張」。因為張是「張捕」，張網捕禽魚鳥 獸之義，其始於春秋時代；而「裝」字，遲至戰國時代才出現， 而且是「治裝」之義。本文通過各種經典文獻舉出張物之方法、 張物之容器、張物之詞彙，證明唯有「張」，才是最早將一物置於 另一容器內之義，而且仍出現在現代生活之中，為經典生活化， 有其語言義，歷史義，文化義。由於客語海陸腔比四縣腔多出「zh、 ch、sh、rh」四個聲母，於張、裝二字讀音不同，而有審音辨義的 作用。根據典籍記載有關張字詞彙，與現今通行海陸客語詞彙， 無論音義都同，足以證明：華語的「裝魚、裝鳥」，客語宜作「張魚、張鳥」。由張魚、張鳥，可以了解古代的漁獵生活，應之於今， 仍有張捕魚類的生活實景，並保留古音古義，實為語言的活化石， 充滿文化內涵。

This article studies the word zhang in Hakka language. It illustrates the history of the word’s appearance, usage, and provides its linguistic, historical and cultural meanings. The research aims to prove that the word zhuang (pack, hold) of zhuang dongxi in contemporary Chinese is zhang in Hakka. Zhang refers to zhangbu. It means to spread the net for catching fishes, birds or animals. This usage originates from the Spring and Autumn period; however, the word zhuang appears only in the Warring States period and refers to zhi zhuang (prepare necessities such as clothes). By the analysis of the methods, containers and vocabularies of zhang wu (packing things) in various Classics, this study proves that zhang is the original word which means “loading things in a container” and continues to be used in contemporary daily life. It shows that the word zhang is a kind of living fossil and provides rich cultural content.

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