摘要
本文探討不同世代客家人的客語使用與族群認同間的關係。
現代化的國家教育體系和流行文化的普同趨勢，一直是族語使用
和族群認同面對的重要議題。當代的台灣社會，客語的使用也面
臨日漸式微的發展，《105 年度全國客家人口暨語言基礎資料調查
研究》顯示，相較於過去，客語使用環境的「友善程度」已有相
當程度的提升，但是在客語使用的「方便性」上，仍有較大的改
善空間。因此，本文嘗試探討分析客家人在公領域與私領域客語
使用意願以及相關影響因素。研究發現客語公事環境以及客語支
持氛圍都可以提升客語使用意願，而個人的客語使用意願，對於
公領域與私領域的實際客語使用都有顯著提升。除了客語使用環
境外，個人的客家認同以及大環境的都市化程度，也是影響客語使用的重要因素。個人的客家認同會直接強化公領域與私領域的
客語使用，並扮演影響私領域客語使用的調節變數。都市化程度
則是會降低公領域與私領域的客語使用，扮演客語使用意願影響
公領域客語使用的調節變數。上述研究成果，將有助於推廣客語
教育、客家文化傳承等相關政策擬定。
This study investigated the relationship between Hakka language
use and ethnic identity in different generations of Hakka people. The
general universal of modernized national education system and
popular culture have always been important issues for ethnic language
usage and ethnic identity. The number of true Hakka speakers in
Taiwan was decreasing every year. According to the Survey on
National Hakka Population and Language Basic Data in 2016, The
convenience and friendliness of the Hakka language environment have
been greatly improved. However, there is still a great opportunity for
improvement in the easily use of Hakka language. This study found
that the Hakka language used by the Hakka people in the public and
private spheres is very different. Friendly Hakka public affairs
environment and social support can improve the willingness to use Hakka language. Individuals' willingness to use Hakka language has
significantly improved the actual Hakka language usage in both the
public and private spheres. In addition to the social atmosphere, ethnic
identity and the degree of urbanization of the environment are also
important factors affecting the use of Hakka language. Ethnic identity
directly strengthens the use of Hakka language in the public and
private spheres, and acts as a moderator that affects in the private
sphere. The degree of urbanization will reduce the use of Hakka
language in the public and private spheres, and act as a moderating
variable that affects in the public spheres. The research results will
help to promote Hakka language education, Hakka cultural heritage
and other related policy formulation.
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