摘要

女性在社區事務的參與，代表著女性從私領域的家庭進入公領域的重要行動象徵。本研究以桃園某社區發展協會為研究對象，勾勒年長客家女性走出私領域家庭進入公領域社區過程中，當遇到社會性別規範與家庭內部壓力時，其所採取的行動與協商策略為何，進一步描繪她們所處的社區事務工作中的性別分工、性別政治，以及回應方式。本研究採深度訪談、參與觀察法為主要研究方法，訪談男女性社區參與者，分別了解他／她們參與社區發展協會的動機與歷程、社區事務的工作內容、社區工作與家庭間的關係、社區發展協會內部困境等。本文要指出的是，這些客家女性並非完全固守傳統的性別角色，截然把家庭與公私領域劃分為兩個互斥的範疇，也不是不具備參與社區事務的行動主體性，而是反思其所處的社會位置積極協商調和兩者，進而採取不直接衝突的論述轉換與協商行動。這也是社會資本不多的年長女性，在看見越來越多女性積極發展自我與參與社會，並理解自身所處的社會位置後，所採取介入社會的反身性（reflexivity）行動，以及其如何在傳統性別角色框架與社會快速變遷之中重新形構與詮釋主體。對她們來說，家庭與社區是公私領域的相互交疊，當社區女性表現能動與積極參與之際，持續地與男性中心、男性認同與男性支配下的父權邏輯進行曖昧（ambiguous）與含混的交織與共構，也是挑戰公私領域劃分的嘗試。
關鍵字：客家語 教科書 康軒版 翰林版 部編版

Participating in community affairs is a crucial step for women to enter the public sphere (i.e., communities) from the private sphere (i.e., families).In this study, a community development association in Taoyuan was investigated to outline the actions and negotiation strategies performed by older Hakka women when confronted by social gender norms and pressure from families as they became active within the community. Furthermore, this study describes the gender division of labor and gender politics involved in these women’s participation in community affairs as well as their response strategies. In-depth interviews and participant observation were employed. Community participants of both genders were interviewed to understand their motivation and the process of joining the community development association; the tasks of community affairs; the relationship between community affairs and families; and difficulties faced by the association. The results revealed that the Hakka women do not completely adhere to traditional gender roles, nor do they consider the public and private spheres as two mutually exclusive categories. These women are actors who have the agency to participate in community affairs. They reflect on their social position and actively mediate between the public and private spheres, and further transform discourse and make negotiations that do not directly lead to conflicts. These are the reflexivity actions undertaken by the older women with little social capital to intervene in societal affairs after they have observed increasingly many women actively develop themselves, participate in society, and recognize their own social position. These actions also explain how the older Hakka women restructure and interpret themselves as subjects within the structure of traditional gender roles in a time of rapid social change. For these women, families and communities are overlapping public and private spheres. When showing their agency and actively participating in community affairs, they attempt to challenge the separation between the public and private spheres, while they are still ambiguously intertwined with the patriarchal logic that is male-centered and promotes male identity and male domination.

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