摘要

客家人說話口語中，舉凡遇到〔hu〕的音，很自然地都會唸成〔f〕，如說國語「花」hua→fa，說閩南話「輝」hui→fi。這種現象，在學術上的討論，就把他當作客家話的特色之一，叫做「曉匣合口唸成唇齒擦音f-」。然而這樣一個hu→f的語音事實，大家只認為是「想當然爾」的事，從來沒有人這樣思考：說國語的人唸hu就是hu，說閩南語的人說hu也是hu，為什麼客家人就不一樣，硬要把「hu」說成「f」。前人的研究，大都集中在韻頭u→v-的討論，或「v」是不是音謂的問題（鍾榮富），卻沒有清楚解釋過，客家話曉匣合口的變化是：hu→hv→f-。本文就從這個問題出發，舉證說明客話因為有完整的聲化韻音位/v/，當主要元音（vowel）或韻頭（medial），所以喉擦音h-與韻頭v-結合後，自然就唇化成f-了。

當然，問題的最核心是客家話怎麼有元音-v，或韻頭v-。本文從與客家有某些淵源關係的彝語、哈尼語、納西語、畬語、景頗語、拉祜語─等，大都保有豐富的-v元音出發，歸納出這些存留-v元音的語系，都屬於羌語系統。客家話正好保有這種特殊的語音現象，當然也間接證明了客家話與保有這種特殊語音的羌語系統，有某些程度上的祖源關係。

Whenever pronouncing〔hu〕,Hakka’s colloquial language will naturally read it as 〔f〕,for instance, hua→fa in the Mandarin, or hui→fi(輝)in the Min Dialect. This phenomenon, in the academic seminar, is treated as one of the Hakka’s language and called as a fricative(f-)(曉匣合口唸成唇齒擦音). Predecessors’s researches mostly concentrated on the discussion of the medial u-→v-, and the phoneme issue of 〔v〕, but no one clearly explained that Hakka’s fricative variation is hu→hv→f-. Starting from this issue, this article is to numerate and illustrate that the Hakka has an integral varying phoneme of 〔v〕to act as the main vowel or medial vowel(韻頭), so when the guttural fricative「h-」combines with the vowel〔v-〕,it naturally becomes 〔f-〕. Of course, the core issue is how could the Hakka have the vowel 〔-v〕and the medial vowel 〔v-〕.Comparing with the races of Miau(苗), Yiau(瑤), Tong(侗), Zhang(壯),Mian(緬), and Yi(彝), this article finds, the Hakka is as same as Yi(彝), Hani(哈尼), Naxi(納西), Ser(畬), Jingpo(景頗), and Lahu(拉祜)languages, belonging to the language family of Tibet and Burma; most of them have the rich vowel〔-v〕.Therefore, we proposed, when the Hakka maintains such a particular pronouncing phenomenon, is there any ancestral relationship, to a certain extent, with the language family of Tibet, Burma, and Yi?

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