摘要

本文以臺灣客家話的動詞為主，從形式與語意之間探討客語的影子論元。以漢字的衍生詞彙理論並結合西方的理論架構，如衍生詞彙理論、論元結構、框架語意理論等，來界定中英語預設論元與影子論元區分的準則。並從五個層面來界定客語的影子論元：1. 從謂語字形偏旁看內建論元；2. 從謂語字形及含意看內建論元；3. 謂語、論元間搭配的專有性；4. 從謂語本身內建的事件框架看論元結構；5. 謂語、論元間屬性功能的連結密度。因此，除了句法層的論元結構外，論元結構搭配屬性結構、語意框架來分析，更可得知框架層的論元結構，因為語詞意義的理解必須放在釋義的框架中才能得以全面，故在框架中也可以反應出論元的架構。

This paper aims to study the shadow arguments in Hakka dialect, with respect to the relationship between the form and meaning. The paper explores the principles that can distinguish the differences between default arguments and shadow arguments both in English and Chinese. We propose five principles that can make the shadow arguments more clearly in Hakka dialect or in Chinese. Here are the five principles: (1) the component of a Chinese character which shows the shadow arguments, (2) the feature and meaning of a character which indicates the implicative arguments, (3) the specialization of collocation between the predicate and argument which will involve shadow arguments, (4) the event frame of a predicate which contains shadow arguments, and (5) the linking density of qualia structures between predicate and argument which reflects the internal arguments. As long as we put a word into a frame structure, we can comprehend both the conceptual structure and argument structure of a word thoroughly.

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