摘要

客家源流問題，至今懸而未解，本文引證指出三個解決問題的關鍵。第一個關鍵是「客」字本意是山的釐清。第二個關鍵是瑤畲盤瓠信仰轉化成客家的崇拜祖先與王公。第三個關鍵是瑤畲客住地的對立與互補證明他們的源流。

全文依據這三個關鍵出發，才能找到客家的源頭。是世居在嶺南的和蠻、貉獠、活聶、山哈、山客等名稱所發展出來的。他們的信仰也由盤瓠、公王、三王公、三山國王、龍神伯公相續發展而成。而嶺南之地現在只有客家人廣東人潮州人三個大族群，他們是歷來閩東、浙南、福建、廣東、廣西、貴州、雲南的畬瑤客，經過長期的遷徙轉化而成的，從他們分布的對立與互補，可以很清楚的看出他們之間的演化關係。

根據以上這三個關鍵去破題研究，才能找出真正的客家源流。
關鍵字：客家源流、瑤、畲、盤瓠、王公

The origin of Hakka has been controversial and undetermined.This article aims to put forth three pivotal points which can conduce to resolve the question about the origins of Hakkas.

The first pivotal point concerning the explanation of the character “客”, its original meaning is mountain.The second pivotal point regarding the Panhu (盤瓠) worship and religious practices among Yao (瑤) people and She (畲) people, such Panhu belief system gradually transforms to the Hakka people’s strong ancestral worship and the worship of Wang-Gong (王公) deities.The third pivotal point is about the residential areas of Yao, She and Hakka ethnic groups. Through the analysis of the contrasting and complementary relationship of their residential areas, it will be proved that the origin of Hakka is related to Yao and She.

According to the three above-mentioned arguments, the origin of Hakka will be discovered and determined. Etymologically it is originated from the names of the generationally in Lingnan living ethnic groups, such as He-Man/Hani (和蠻), Hok Lo (貉獠), Ho Ne (活聶), San Hak (山哈), San Hak (山客).

And religiously the belief system of Hakka is originated from the Panhu worship, which gradually developed into Gongwang (Princes deities/公王), San Wanggong (Deities from three kings of ancient times/三王公), Sanshan Guowang (Kings of three mountains/三山國王), and then the Longshen Ba Gong (Land Dragon deity/龍神伯公).

Then geographically to see, the residents in Lingnan region nowadays are mainly Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew people, who actually derived from the Yao She Hakka people after the long history of migration. The original residence of the Yao She Hakka people were in eastern Fujian, southern Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Such a contrasting and complementary relationship of their residential areas shows the transformation relationship between them.

The truly origin of Hakka will be discovered and determined, when the three above-mentioned arguments are thoroughly researched.
Keyword: origin of Hakka, Yao, She, Panhu, Wang-Gong

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