摘要

本文將從臺灣六堆客家聚落盛行的鸞堂鸞書切入，檢視臺灣客家族群在其長程的歷史與社會變遷中，如何展現男女性的對待方式，以及客家女性長期在客家男性與社會制約中，如何被建構成歷史包袱下的女性形象，對現代客家婦女要求，家規、婚姻忠貞要求等，如此的客家婦女傳統約束，是否因此而牢不可破。

臺灣客家向來是以男性為主的父權結構社會，鸞堂一直都是以男性為主的父系空間。但從女性參與鸞堂的工作以及虔誠敬奉的過程中，卻不可忽視女性在鸞堂信仰中的地位。隨著時代更迭，客家女性已經有著明顯的變貌，試圖檢視鸞書中都是對婦女的約制以及教條規範，從中理解背後的因素以及形塑的過程。

從鸞堂的供職生的分配中，明顯的可以看到，婦女只能當司廚生、採花生，司香生及外淨壇生都得由男眾擔任，鸞書的樂捐者幾乎是婦女，婦女不能進入恩主堂，甚至祭拜時，也只能從事準備的角色，祭拜的位置只能站在一邊觀禮，她們是心繫全家平安為全家祈福，甚者必須兼顧四頭四尾，連祭祀的準備都是由婦女來操心，而她們卻不沾功，只屈居幕後，如此的情操，豈不太委曲求全了，但她們卻甘之如飴，背後的支撐豈是教育的薰陶？或是信仰的形塑？抑是客家婦女的宿命？試圖從鸞堂鸞書中探討對客家婦女角色及地位的影響，以及這種變化所蘊含的社會文化意義。

This article is based on the Phoenix Hall’s Books of the Liudui Hakka in Taiwan to research the Hakka ethnic groups shows how men and women are treated in their history and social transmutation. Also about how Hakka women have been in men and society restrict to modeling the image of women under the historical burden. And all the requirements such as Hakka women’s traditional constraints, family rules, marriage loyalty… etc., whether it is unbreakable for modern Hakka women.

Taiwan Hakkas have always been a male-dominated patriarchal society. So does the Phoenix Halls. However, in the process of women’s participation in the work of the Phoenix Halls and the process of devout worship, women’s position in the martyrdom belief cannot be ignored. As times go by, Hakka women have had obvious changes already. I try to examine the rules and regulations of women in the Phoenix Books, and understand the factors behind them include the process of Hakka women shaping.

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