摘要

1990 年來興起社區營造運動，來自國家大力推動迄今不衰，各部會均編列例行性預算供基層社區自主提案申請。針對這樣現象，政治哲學關懷點之一是樂見市民集結成社區共同體展現自主自覺精神；其二有識者也意識到國家（及其行政體系）透過地方派系介入而成為綁架基層市民社會的一方。不論如何，本文立基點在於反過來探究參與社區公共活動居民動機是什麼，以這樣根本性質提問來呼應上述兩種立場觀察。據此，研究對象選取上以長期投入社區發展龍潭區中取得農村再生補助社區（共八個）為範圍，以開放式訪談詢問社區領導人（總幹事或理事長），以及跟隨的幹部或志工。調查方法上先是立意抽樣之後是輔以滾雪球方式進行。總計訪談了近30 位投入社區工作的領導者和幹部。最後，本文發現不論何者投入初始動機均圍繞在社會關係上。投入後長期持續的動機則轉變為利他。總之，在龍潭地區社會關係是社區發展主要推動力，親和需求驅動力顯然大於成就（自我實現）動機。就此而論，來自個別居民的政治參與及實現難以解釋投入社區工作現象；相對地，與派系政治參雜人情義理和網絡是比較貼近實情的詮釋。

The rise of the community-building movement since the 1990s has been vigorously promoted by the nation, and the ministries have set aside routine budgets for independent proposal applications by the grassroots communities. There are two points of political philosophical concerns for this phenomenon: (1) It is easy for the citizens to gather into a community entity to demonstrate the conscious spirit, and (2) insightful people have also noticed that the nation (and its administrative system) had become the party that has kidnapped the grassroots civil society through the involvement of local factions.In any case, the basis of this paper is to explore the motivations of the residents participating in community public activities, and use such fundamental questions to echo the two points mentioned above. Accordingly, those with long-term investments into Longtan District community development and obtained rural regeneration subsidies (a total of 8 districts) were selected as the subjects of this study. We then conducted open interview surveys for their community leaders (directors or chairmen), cadres, or volunteers.The sampling method was first adopted for the surveys, and then supplemented using the snowballing method.A total of nearly 30 leaders and cadres who have worked in the community were interviewed. Finally, we found that no matter who invested in the initial motivation, the purpose was centered on social relations. After the investment, the long-term persisting motivation turned into altruism. In short, social relations in Longtan District is the main driving force of community development. The need for affinity tended to be a greater driving force than the motivation of achievement (self-realization).As such, political participation and realization from individual residents cannot explain the phenomenon of community work investments. In contrast, the human relationships and networks between those involved in factional politics appear to provide a more plausible interpretation.

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